System of combined arc and incandescent electric lights



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

H. P. BROWN. SYSTEM OEGOMBINBD ARC AND INUANDESGENT ELECTRIC LIGHTS. No. 387,615 Patelrlced Aug. 7, 1888.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. P. BROWN.

SYSTEM OF COMBINED ABC AND INOANDESGENT ELECTRIC LIGHTS.

No, 381616. Patented Aug. 7, 1888,

I l I "wal' 'am (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H, P. BROWN. SYSTEM OF GOMBINBD ARG AND INOANDBSOENT ELECTRIC LIGHTS. No. 387,615. Patente A uguj, 1888,

or local circuit varies, as will be hereinaftermore fully explained; or still other equivalent or substitute means may be employed for this purpose.

Intheaccompanyingdrawings,which form a part of this specification, and wherein like letters of reference indicate like parts, Figure l is a diagram view illustrative of my invention, showing the arrangement of circuits. Fig. 2 is a side t .evation of a device for varying automatically the amount of resistance in the shunt-circuit. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same. Figs. 4 and 5 are diagram views showing modified arrangements ofthe shunt-circuit and means for varying the resistance therein, and Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail side elevation of the magnet in the local orlamp circuitillustrated in Fig. 5. i i

In the drawings, A represents a main-circuit wire connected to the poles of a dynamo-maehine or other source of electric energy, A, in which circuit a number of are lamps or other translating devices, a, may be arranged in se ries in the usual manner.

B is a local circuit leading from the switch B in the main circuit, and in which a number of incandescent lamps, I), or other like translating devicesas, for example, electric motors-arc arranged in parallel groups in the usual manner. The lamps b are each located on separate cross-wires b, and switches b are provided for lighting and extinguishing each lamp.

C is a shunt-circuit into which the various resistance-coils c c c c c", 850., may be-put by any suitable automatic mechanism. The resistance-coils c c c c c, 820., are so proportioned in relation to the high-tension current and the number and resistance of the incandescent lamps or other translating devices in the local circuit that when the resistance-coil 0 alone is connected with the shunt-circuit the ciirrent will be so divided between the shunteircnit and the local circuit as to propcrlyopcrate only one of the lamps, and when an ad ditional resistance-coil, c, isputinto theshuntcircuit the lampcircuit will then operate two lamps, and so on until all the resistance-coils are put into the shunt-circuit, when all the lamps will be operated but one. When all the lamps are in operation, the shunt-circuit may of course be open and the whole cu rrentpassed through the lamp-circuit. In this way itwill be understood that the total amount ofresistance of all the resistance-coils c c c' c c, &c., need only equal the resistance of one lamp whatever be the number of lamps in the parallel group. I thus save a great amount of resistance over that employed in the old way, where a coil equal to thercsistance of onelamp is employed for eac'h lamp in the group. The

' total resistance between the point where the shunt and lamp circuits divide and the place where they reunite will of course be always the same, and will be equal to the total resistance of all thelamps when burnin To make this more clear, suppose, for sake of illustra- 'tion,that the high-tension current on the maincircuit wire A be one of ten and four-tenths ampercsandsnppose that eightincandescent 7o lamps be'arranged in the parallel group, each lamp being of thirty oh ms resistance when hot and requiring one and three-tenths aniperes to give the required candle-power, then the resistance-coil 0 should be such as to give four and two-sevenths ohms resistance, (plus the resistance of the coil in thelamp'circuit for operating the devices for automatically varying the resistance, if such coil be located in the lamp-circuit) the coil cshouldbe of live- So sevenths ohm resistance, the coil cof one ohm resistance, the coil.c of one and one-half ohm resistance, the coil cof twoandone-half ohms resistance, the coil 0' of five ohms resistance, the coil 0 of fifteen ohms resistance, making a total of thirty ohms resistance in the seven coils-that is to say, equal to that of one lamp in the case supposed.

From the above it will be seen that it" but one lamp is in operation, and but one resist- 9o anee-eoil, c, be in the shunt-circuit, the current dividing inversely as the resistance of ,the lamp, thirty ohms, and the resistance-code, four and two seve'nths ohms,one-eighth of the current will pass through thelamp and seven 5 eighths of it through the shunt-circuit. if only two lamps are in use, the total resistance of which will be fifteen ohms, and two resist; ance-coils, c and 0, he in the shunt-circuit, the total resistance of which will be 4% or five roo ohms, two -eighths of the current will pass through the lanip-circuit; and the same way, when a still greater number of lamps'ar'e' put in operation in theparallel group, the i rsistance in the shunt-circuit is increased until, when .05 all the lamps are put in use, the shunt-circuit may be opened or its resistance'thus made in finite. The opening at the circuit thiis takes the place of one resistance-coil, so that to operate eight lamps in a group but seven resist- I 0 ance-eoils need be used in the shunt-cirenit.

D represents a. magnet, solenoid, orother clect-ro-motive device located in the lamp-circuit.

The resistance coil 0 is put in or cut out of 1 5 the sh n nt-circnit by thespringle ver (1, attached to the armature a, breaking or making connection atlf. When connection is'broken at f by the magnet D pulling up the armature e, the shunt-circuit current will of course pass from the resistance-coil 0 through coil 0, and in the same way the coils 0 c c c c are put in or out by the lovers :1 having armature e, breaking or'making connection at fff"ff The final armature-lever d,.which breaks conr25 nection atf,opens the shunt-circuit and thus cuts out the 'esistance-coil c, which at all other times remains in. "The springs g of the difi'erent armatureleversare so graduated that the armature-levers are drawn up successively by the magnet as the lamp-circuit current through the coil of the magnet D increases.

H represents a clock with cscapement 71, that is started by an arm, 71, on the switch ll when suid switch is opened and the current passing through the local circuit. This clock will thus serve to measure the time the incandescent lumps are in operation. When the switch 13 is closed, the arm h on the switch stops the clock. As shown in the drawings, this clock is furnished with four dials, to'iudicste hours, tens of hours, hundreds of hours, and thou- SunilS. p

In the modified arrangement shown in Fig. the device 1), for making and breaking the connections to put thevorious resistance-coils in or out of'the shunt-circuit, consisis oils. solenoid, the movable core or armature c of which operates n single lever d and moves lhe some over a number of contactpointsf ff fif f f" f. In this arrangement the end of the lever (1 should be large enough to touch two of the contact-points at once, so that the shunt-circuit may not be broken as the lever is raised. \Vheu an additional lump in the group is put in operation, the resistance through the lump-circuit lieing thereby ininishcd, the force of the current through the lump-circuit and the coilof the solenoid D therein is thereby increased, which raises the nrinuture 0, thus moving the lever (Z over another contnctpoint and putting an additional resistance-coil in the shunt-circuit. When u lump is, or happens to be, extinguished the effect in like manner automatically to diminish the force of the solenoid and drop the lever d, and thus cut out one of the resistance coils from the shun circuit.

In Fig. 4 I have marked on the drawing the relative size of the various resistance-coils lit-the case before supposed.

in the modification shownin Fig. 5 u double solenoid is employed for making and breaking lhe connections to the difi'ercnt resistance coils, and though located in the main circuit it is normally short-circuitcd, so that the current or any opprcciulile portion of it does not puss through the coils of the solenoid except mementarily while in operation to make and break theconne'ctionstothediflerentresistance coils. in this arrangement the current di rected through the. solenoid-coil when it is necessary to change the resistance in the sh untcircuit by means of an electro-uiugnct, l, in the local circuit, arranged in parallel, like one of the lumps, so that only u. small fraction ol' the current will pass through the coil of the magnet. By this arrangement a considerable saving of electric energy is made. in the orrengeuient shown in Fig. 5 the shuntcircuit wire 0 divides from the local-circuit wire at B", thence passes through the resistance-coil c, thence through the contactpointf to the urineture c, and thence through the wire :0, and re unites at m with the lump or local-circuit wire B. The reunited current then passes along the short-circuit Wire y through the contact point 3 shortcircuit wire y", short-circuit Wire 3/, contact-point y, shortcircuit Wire 9, heel: through Wire y, to .the main line A. "When an additional lamp is lighted, it of course diminishes through the coil of the magnet i and the force of the magnet is Wfifll-IOHCK], thus 'ierniitti-ng the spring 3 to withdrew the urmuturclcvcr j, and thus brcul; the connection at 1 hetwceu the short-circuit wires 5 and thus causing the currentto puss from the point r through the coil l) of the solenoid, and thcrcliy drew its :novuhle core or armature (I to the right over the contu-ctpoint f", for exuuiplc, and thus put the resistance-coil 0' int o the shuntcircuit. The inonicnten :niditionul resistance coil is put into the sluint-circuit it of course increuscs the current in the luuincircuit and through the coil or" the meg-net l, llius drewing up the armature levcrj and, again nudgingconneciions at 1 recstuhlishes the current through the shortcircuit Wires y" f, so that none of the current or only :1 smull traction 'ol' it will puss through the coil )'of lhe solenoid.

'When, on the other lnuuhone ol' the hinips'is exiiu uished, of course momentarily increases the current through the coil of the mugnet i, th 1.; drawing up the urniutnrc-lcver in and breaking the connection it 1," between the short-circuitwires y itlitl y", thus causing the current to puss from the point :r through the other coil, D, of the solenoid, thereby llrun' ing the urnietu to the left over one of the contuct-points f f f, &c., thus culling out one of the resistance-coils from the shuut-cin cuit. The moment one of the resistance-coils is cut outthe urrent through the local circuit and the coil 0 the magnet l. is diniinishelhthns causing, the spring I: to pull hucl; the lever ii and reestablish the short circuit through the 1=licutioh he by me prior to the issu unee of u potent non tinppl'cution.

the current that passes.

it will of'coursc he understood that nunr I her of parallel groups of incandescent lumps or like trnnslntin devices may emoloyed in) mu '0 in series innhe nrcin circuit, each group of incandescent lenins being considered as the equivalentcne are light.

It will of course he understood that the varieble resists ee may consist of metallic coils or other suitable resistances.

1 claim-- 1. The combination of o. main or high-tension ci cuit wt .1 .1 local or incuiulescent-lninp circuit in which two or more incandescent lumps or other translating devices are urrsugcc in parallel group, undv shunt-circuit furnished with en eutoninticollyweriable resistnnce to coinnensnte for such lumps in the or high-tenor incandesincandescent other translating devices arranged in parallel group in said local circuit, an electro-motive device in said local circuit, a cir- 7 making connection therewith to substantially -ing as a lamp cuit-controlling lever or device operated there by, a shunt-circuit, and a series of graduated resistances having connections with said shunt circuit operated by said circuitcontrolling lever or device, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of main or high-tension current circuit A, local or circuit 13, furnished with two or more incandescent lamps or other like translating devices arranged in parallel group, and shuntcircuit C, furnished with a series of graduated resistance'coi'ls, and means for automatically increase or diminish the resistance in the shunt-circuit as the resistance in the 1amp-circuit diminishes or increases, substantially as specified.

4. The combination ofmain or high-tension current circuit A with local or incandescentlamp circuit B, having two or more incandes cent lamps in parallel group, each lamp being provided with a switch, and shuntcircuit (l, furnished with an automatically-varia le resistance to regulate the current through the lamps as the same are lighted or extinguished,

as specified. 5. The combination of main circuitA. with local or incandescentlamp circuit B, having two or more incandescent .lamps in parallel group, and a shunt-circuit provided with a series of resistance-coils graduated to the number of lamps in the parallel group, and means operated or put in operation by thelampcircuit current to put said resistance-coils successively in or out of the shunt-circuit accordin the parallel group is lighted or extinguished, substantially-as specified.

6. The combination, with agronp of incandescent lamps or other like translating devices in parallel, of a shunt-circuit provided with a variable resistance, an electro-motive device, and a circuit-controlling lever or device operincandescent-lamp stat and an elcctro-motive device semis atcd thereby for varying said resistance, sub i stantially as specified. 7. The combination incandescent lamps or -nished with a series of resistancecoils, and an electro-motive device actuated by the lamp-circuit current to make and break connection with said resistance coils, substantially as specified.

9. A system for operating on one circuit are lampsand multiplearc groups of incandescent lamps, said system consisting in a suitabledynamo or electric-current generator, an external or'working circuit energized by said generator, are lamps located in series upon said circuit, and one or more multiplearc groups of incandescent lamps connected in said circuit with a shunt connecting with said main or working circuit on eachside ofand around each group of incandescent lamps, and each shunt containing an automatically-variable resistan ce for determining and governing the current operating said incandescent lamps, substantially as specified.

10. The means of operating on one circuit are lamps and multiple-arc groups of incandescent lam ps,consisting in a shunt about each group of incandescent lamps havingau auto maticallyw'ariable resistance and an electromotive device to vary the resistance, substatr tially as specified.

11. The combination, in aware-light circuit, of a group of incandescent lamps or other translating devices in multi ple are, with a rheofor varying the resistance of the rhcostat,substantially as specified.

HAROLD P. BROWN.

Witnesses:

EDMUND ADCOCK, H. M. MUNDAY. 

